Enhanced Nanostructure Dynamics on Au(111) with Adsorbed Sulfur due to Au−S Complex Formation

Graphical Abstract

Moving faster: Decay of 2D Au islands on Au(111) is enhanced by Au−S complex-mediated mass transport in the presence of S.

Abstract

Chemisorbed species can enhance the fluxional dynamics of nanostructured metal surfaces which has implications for applications such as catalysis. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies at room temperature reveal that the presence of adsorbed sulfur (S) greatly enhances the decay rate of 2D Au islands in the vicinity of extended step edges on Au(111). This enhancement is already significant at S coverages, θ_S, of a few hundredths of a monolayer (ML), and is most pronounced for 0.1–0.3 ML where the decay rate is increased by a factor of around 30. For θ_S close to saturation at about 0.6 ML, sulfur induces pitting and reconstruction of the entire surface, and Au islands are stabilized. Enhanced coarsening at lower θ_S is attributed to the formation and diffusion across terraces of Au−S complexes, particularly AuS₂ and Au₄S₄, with some lesser contribution from Au₃S₄. This picture is supported by density functional theory analysis of complex formation energies and diffusion barriers.