Review
Green Chemistry, Biocatalysis, and the Chemical Industry of the Future
Prof. Roger A. Sheldon,
Prof. Dean Brady,
Corresponding Author
Prof. Roger A. Sheldon
Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000 South Africa
Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dean Brady
Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000 South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Roger A. Sheldon,
Prof. Dean Brady,
Corresponding Author
Prof. Roger A. Sheldon
Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000 South Africa
Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dean Brady
Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000 South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
A way forward: The chemical industry is transitioning to a biorefinery network using biocatalysis, autotrophic and heterotrophic fermentation, electrobiocatalysis, and photobiocatalysis to retain carbon in a circular economy.
Abstract
In the movement to decarbonize our economy and move away from fossil fuels we will need to harness the waste products of our activities, such as waste lignocellulose, methane, and carbon dioxide. Our wastes need to be integrated into a circular economy where used products are recycled into a manufacturing carbon cycle. Key to this will be the recycling of plastics at the resin and monomer levels. Biotechnology is well suited to a future chemical industry that must adapt to widely distributed and diverse biological chemical feedstocks. Our increasing mastery of biotechnology is allowing us to develop enzymes and organisms that can synthesize a widening selection of desirable bulk chemicals, including plastics, at commercially viable productivities. Integration of bioreactors with electrochemical systems will permit new production opportunities with enhanced productivities and the advantage of using a low-carbon electricity from renewable and sustainable sources.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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