Induction and Stabilization of Columnar Mesophases in Fluorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Arene-Perfluoroarene Interactions
Ming-Mei Zhou
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorJiao He
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorHui-Min Pan
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorQing Zeng
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorHang Lin
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ke-Qing Zhao
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Funding acquisition (lead), Investigation (lead), Methodology (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - original draft (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Ping Hu
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Bi-Qin Wang
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Bertrand Donnio
Institut de Physique et Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR7504), 67000 Strasbourg, France
Contribution: Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorMing-Mei Zhou
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorJiao He
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorHui-Min Pan
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorQing Zeng
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorHang Lin
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ke-Qing Zhao
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Funding acquisition (lead), Investigation (lead), Methodology (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - original draft (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Ping Hu
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Bi-Qin Wang
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066 Chengdu, China
Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Bertrand Donnio
Institut de Physique et Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR7504), 67000 Strasbourg, France
Contribution: Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
The efficient synthesis of fluorous polyaromatic hydrocarbons via the arene-fluorine nucleophilic substitution reaction offers a fast and clean synthetic route to highly π-conjugated systems of interest for organic electronics. The development of long-range noncovalent arene-fluoroarene interactions enables the formation of broader and thermally more stable mesophases than their hydrogenated counterparts, as well as supramolecular luminescent gels and films.
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of several Fluorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the efficient, transition-metal-free, arene fluorine nucleophilic substitution reaction is described, and the full investigation of their liquid crystalline and optical properties reported. The key precursors for this study, i. e. 2,2’-dilithio-4,4′,5,5′-tetraalkoxy-1,1’-biphenyl derivatives, were obtained in two steps from the highly selective Scholl oxidative homo-coupling of 3,4-dialkoxy-1-bromobenzene, followed by quantitative double-lithiation. In situ room temperature nucleophilic annulation with either perfluorobenzene or perfluoronaphthalene leads to 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-6,7,10,11-tetraalkxoytriphenylenes and 9,10,11,12,13,14-hexafluoro-2,3,6,7-tetraalkoxybenzo[f]tetraphenes, respectively, in good yields. Exploiting the same strategy, subsequent double annulations resulted in the formation of 9,18-difluoro-2,3,6,7,11,12,15,16-octa(alkoxy)tribenzo[f,k,m]tetraphenes and 9,10,19,20-tetrafluoro-2,3,6,7,12,13,16,17-octakis(hexyloxy)tetrabenzo[a,c,j,l]tetracenes, respectively. Despite the presence of only four alkoxy chains, the polar “Janus” mesogens display a columnar hexagonal mesophase over broad temperature ranges, with higher mesophase stability than the archetypical 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexa(alkoxy)triphenylenes and their hydrogenated counterparts. The improvement or induction of mesomorphism is attributed to efficient antiparallel face-to-face π-stacking driven by the establishment of non-covalent perfluoroarene-arene intermolecular interactions. The larger lipophilic discotic π-extended compounds also exhibit columnar mesomorphism, over similar temperature ranges and stability than their hydrogenated homologs. Finally, these fluorinated molecules form stringy gels in various solvents, and show interesting solvatochromic emission properties in solution as well as strong emission in thin films and gels.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material of this article.
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